 A person of great determination
【本课教学目标】 相关知识
Read the text and do the following comprehension:
TRUE or FALSE
1. Many years ago the writer went to a bookstore for some books he needed.
2. The little boy wanted to buy a book on physics.
3. The boy was only twelve years old.
4. The boy didn't have enough money, so he couldn't have the book.
5. The boy didn't want the book very much.
6. It was at the fifth store that the boy got the very book he wanted.
7. The bookseller gave the boy a present for his determination.
8. Many years later, on his way to Europe the writer met a terrible storm.
9. All the passengers on board and the crew never give up in despair.
10. If it hadn't been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.
句子分析
1. How can you change your mind at last minute? 你怎么能在最后一分钟改变主意呢？
How can (could) you...? 这是表示责备(reproach)的句式。例如:
How could you be so rude ? 你怎么可以这么粗鲁呢?
How can you do that to him? 你怎么那样对待他呢?
2．I don't want to argue about it any more．我不想再争论下去了。
(1) argue with sb．about sth．与……争论
They were arguing about a trifle．他们正在争论一件小事。
He argued with the taxi driver about the fare．
他就车费与出租车司机理论。
(2) not...any more = no more 表“动作”的不再发生。
Time lost won't return any more = Time lost will return no more．
失去的时间不会再来。
The boy made a promise that he would not lie any more．
这男孩保证不再撒谎。
3．I apologize for being so angry with you．
我对你生那么大的气，该向你道歉。
(1) apologize to sb.for...为……而向……道歉。例如：
He apologized to me for stepping on my foot．
他为他踩了我脚向我道歉。
I apologized to you for losing your book．
我为弄丢了你的书而向你道歉。
(2) be angry with／at sb．about (at) sth 为……而生……的气。例如：
She was so angry with／at me．她对我大发脾气。
What are you angry about ? 你生什么气?
4．There's no need for that 没有必要那样。
There is no need for...／to do sth“没有必要……”其后接介词 for 或不定式结构。例如：
There is no need for alarm．没必要惊慌。
There is no need for more talk．没必要再谈了。
5．How much do they cost? 多少钱(一本)?
cost 作为动词作“花费”解，通常其后接金钱，时间，劳力等。
cost 作为谓语动词，主语通常是某物。例如：
The tomatoes cost two yuan a kilo．番茄二元一公斤。
The suit cost me 200 yuan．这套西服花了我200元。
The work cost them much labour．那工作耗费了他们大量劳力。
6．Yes，it's as good as the new ones．
是的，它跟新书几乎完全一样。
as good as 作“几乎一样”，“实际上等于”解。例如：
The secondhand typewriter looks as good as new．
这台二手打字机几乎和新的一样。
He was so ill that he was as good as dead．
他病得很厉害，就跟死了一样。
The matter is as good as settled．这件事实际上等于解决了。
7．...it'll do just as well ( = ... the old book will be just as good and useful as the new one)．旧书同新书一样管用。 句中的“do”为“行，”“适合”，“可以凑合”的意思。例如： If you can't spare me 50 yuan，thirty will do．
如果你不能借我50元，那么30元也行。
I'm busy right now，will tomorrow do? 我现在正忙着，明天行吗?
8．Then I left him standing by the counter so happy that I almost envied him．
然后，我就离开了他，他还站在柜台旁。他是那么高兴，我简直有点忌妒他了。
leave sb．／sth．doing sth．是“让某人／某事处于某种状态。”例如：
The mother left her child playing on her own．
母亲让孩子一个人去玩。
Don't leave the wet clothes hanging out in the rain．
不要把湿衣服挂在外面让雨淋。
9．For the greater part of the voyage we had pleasant weather，but towards the end of our crossing a terrible storm came up and the ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain． 在大部分航程中，都是晴朗的天气，但是在航行临近结束时，起了大风暴，如果不是由于船长的努力，那么这艘船连同船上所有的人必将沉入海底。 这句由 40 词组成的句子，是由 but，and 连接的并列句。 (1) towards 是介词，表示“临近某个时刻”。例如： There was a storm towards the evening．
傍晚时分，起了一阵风暴。
The heavy snow stopped towards the next morning.
这场大雪到第二天早晨才停。
(2) on board 是个固定词组，它可以表示在船上／车上／飞机上。例如：
One of the sailors was not on board when the ship sailed off．
当船起航时，有一名水手不在船上。
All the passengers and crew on board were killed when the plane crashed．
飞机失事时，机上全体乘客和机组人员都遇难死亡。
(3) but for ( = without) 表示“要不是”句子要用虚拟语气。例如：
But for the rain，we would have had a very pleasant trip．
要不是下雨，我们的旅行会是非常愉快的。
I would not have succeeded but for your help．
要是没有你的帮助，我是不会取得成功的。
10．They were losing the battle against the rising water and were on the point of giving up． 他们无法战胜不断上升的水，正要放弃不干了。 (be) on the point of doing sth．表示“正要做某事时”。例如： He was on the point of winning when he collapsed．
他即将取胜之际，却支持不住而倒地。
She was just on the point of going out when the telephone rang.
她正要出门，此时电话铃响了。
注意：以上两个例句中 when 为并列连词，表示没有料到的事情的突然发生。
11．Neither I nor any of the sailors will leave the ship so long as it remains above the surface of the sea． 只要轮船还在海面上，我和我的任何一个水手都不会离开船。 (1) neither...nor...是并列连接词组。表示并列概念，表示两者均不。若连接两个主语时，谓语要与邻近的主语数保持一致。例如：
Neither you nor she knows the story．
你和她都不知道这段故事。
(2)so (as) long as 是条件状语从句连词词组。表示“只要……就”。例如：
You will overcome all difficulties as long as you have a will． 只要你有决心，就会克服一切困难。 I will take the secondhand book so long as there are no pages missing．只要没有缺页，我就买这本旧书。
12．Upon my word，I will land you safe in Liverpool，...
我保证，我一定会把你们平安地送到利物浦上岸的，…… (1) upon my word，表示“我敢保证”“决无虚言”。例如：
Upon my word，I saw it with my own eyes．
我保证，这是我亲眼看到的。
Upon my word，I’ll never tell a lie any more．我发誓，决不再说谎。
(2) land 在该句中为动词，作“(乘客)上岸，”“(飞机)着陆”解，该句中safe 为形容词做 you 的宾语补足语。
land sb safe．使……安全上岸。 语言要点
1．We fix it. 我们约好了的嘛。 fix 在该句中作“确定”“约定”解。fix 作此意解时指确定时间、日期、价格等。例如： Let's fix a date．Would the weekend suit you?
我们确定一个时间吧。这周末对你合适吗?
We won't be able to fix the price until next month．
要到下个月我们才能确定价格。
Let's fix a place to meet．我们确定会见的地点。
2．...but we said we'd check with each other first．但是我们说过，还得事先互相说定呢。
check with 作“与……核对”解。例如：
You should check your answers with the key at the end of the book．
你们应该根据书后面的解答核对答案。
You should check with them before signing the papers．
你应该同他们核实一下，再在这文件上签字。
3．You don't keep your word．你说话不算数。
keep one's word 作“守信用”，“遵守诺言”解。例如：
You may trust him．He always keeps his word．
你可以相信他。他总是守信用的。
She said she'd come．But she didn't keep her word．
她说她要来的，但她没有守信。
4．How can you change your mind at last minute?
你怎么能在最后一分钟改变主意呢?
5．So I got angry and started shouting at you．
于是我生气了，对你叫喊起来。
shout at 对某人大声嚷(怒喊)
He shouted at me，for I broke his glasses．我碰碎了他的眼镜，他冲我大喊。 shout to sb．高声呼喊某人 I shouted to the little boy and warned him of the danger．
我高声警告那男孩有危险。
6．I didn't mean to be so rude．我不是存心要那么粗鲁的。
mean 后面接名词或不定式，作“有意”“意欲”。例如：
—I was angry indeed，but I didn't mean any harm．
—It's not important．
—我确实很生气，但我并无恶意。
—不要紧。
—I apologize for shouting at you．I didn't mean to be so rude．
—That's OK．
—我对你叫嚷，要向你道歉，我不是存心那么粗鲁的。
—没关系。
7．...and four times I saw the boy's eager face turn to disappointment．
四次都看到这孩子热切的面孔转成失望的精神。
tarn to 作“变成”解，其后接名词不需加冠词。例如：
The worker turned to engineer．这工人成了工程师。
The weather will turn to warmth．天气将变暖。
8．Why do you want it so badly? 你为什么这样迫切地要这本书呢?
badly 为副词，它翻译成汉语时，要根据上下来确定其译法。例如：
He behaves badly in school．他在学校表现不好。
The car was badly damaged．汽车遭到严重损坏。
He is badly ill．他现在病重。
Her legs were badly hurt in the accident．在这场事故中她的双腿受重伤。
This is the dictionary I need badly．这是我急需的字典。
I need your advice badly. 我非常需要你的指点。
The wall was badly painted．这墙壁油漆得很差劲。
They were beaten badly．他们被打得很惨。
They were badly off．那时他们生活穷困。
9．For one moment I thought he was going to burst into tears．
那会儿，我以为他的泪水就要夺眶而出了。
burst into 表示突然发作的动作。例如：
When Mother saw me，she burst into tears．
当母亲看见我时，她的泪水夺眶而出。
Hearing all this，they all burst into laughter．
听到这一切，他们都哄笑起来。
When I poked the fire，it quickly burst into flames．
当我拨火时，立刻升起了火苗。
The entire hall burst into thunderous cheers．
整个大厅爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼声。
10．The captain，as soon as he realized the situation，took charge．
船长看清了形势，立刻亲自上阵。
take charge(of) 作“负责(处理某事)”解。例如：
She will take charge while the manager is away．
在经理外出期间，她将负责。
The business manager will take charge of the exhibition sales．
业务部经理将负责这次展销。
【重点难点解析】
新知讲解
复习过去进行时与过去完成时
1．过去进行时态：
(1)表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作：
At that time she was working in an army unit．
那时候她正在部队工作。
(2)和现在进行时态一样，表示赞美，厌恶等情绪，这时用一般过去时态只是叙述事实，用过去进行时态则带有一定的感情色彩。
She was forever complaining about something.
她老是怨这怨那。
(3)描写故事发生的背景：
One day we were walking along the road when we saw three men running quickly towards us． (4)和现在进行时态表示未来动作一样，过去进行时态也可以表示过去某个时刻将要发生的事情。
I asked him whether he was coming back for supper．
我问他是否回来吃晚饭．
2．过去完成时态：
(1)主要表示过去某时之前发生的动作或情况。这是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去。而过去完成的动作应用一般过去时态。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre． 我们到剧场的时候戏已经开始了。 (2)有些动词如：intend，plan，mean，want，think 等表示心理感知性动词用过去完成时表示一件本来打算做而未做的事情．
We had hoped to catch the 9：30 train，but found it was gone．
我们本来希望赶九点半的车，却发现车已经开了。
旧知归纳
▲典题剖析
例1．—Hey，look where you're going! —Oh，I'm terribly sorry.________ . A．I'm not noticing B．I wasn't noticing
C．I haven't noticed D．I don't notice
解析 本题考查现在进行时和过去进行时的比较。从对话语境来看，答语者并没有注意到自己走错路了，直到对方提醒时才意识到，这说明答话者刚才走路时没有注意到这一点，而现在已经明白了，因此应用过去进行时，故选B。
例2．—Come in，Peter．I want to show you something．
—Oh，how nice of you! I ______ you ______ to bring me a gift． A．never think；are going B．never thought；were going C．didn't think；were going D．hadn't thought; were going
解析 本题考查主从句时态的呼应。从对话语境来看，Peter 在“我”给他带来礼物之前没想到“我”会这样做，这是过去的一种个人的主观想法，应用一般过去时，排除 A 和 D。再从 Peter 的惊喜“Oh，how nice of you!”可以看出，他“从未”想到“我”会给他带来礼物，因此只有 B 项中的 never一词才能突出 Peter 表现出的喜悦心情。故选B。
高考焦点
1．—______ the sports meet might be put off．(NMET 95) —Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told
2．—Who is Jerry Cooper?
—______ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting．(NMET97)
A．Don't you meet him yet B．Hadn't you met him yet
C. Didn't you meet him yet D. Haven't you met him yet
3. When Jack arrived, he learned Marry ______ for almost an hour. ( NMET 92)
A. had gone B. had set off
C. had left D. had been away
4. The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______ . (NMET 87).
A. would have B. have had
C. had never had D. had ever had
5. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ______ at a radio at the time. (NMET 97)
A. had worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
6. —Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
—I ______ , but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET 97)
A.had B. would
C. was going to D. did
7. —Nancy is not coming tonight.
—But she ______. (NMET 98)
A.promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised
8. Shrieley ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it. (NMET 98)
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
9. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ by the hour. (NMET 98)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
10. —Hi, Tracy. You look tired.
—I am tired. I ______ the living room all day. (NMET 98)
A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
11. The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. ( NMET 99)
A. went down B. will go down
C. has gone down D. was going down
12. —How are you today?
—Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time. (NMET 2000)
A. didn't fell B. wasn't feeling
C. don't feel D. haven't felt
13. The reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it ( NMET 2000)
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
14. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly. (NMET 2001)
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
15. I _____ ping-pang quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the new year. (NMET 2001 ) A. will play B. have played
C. played D. play
16. Visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits. (NMET 2001)
A. will request B. request
C. are requesting D. are requested
17. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ______ .
A. have survived B. are to survive
C. would survive D. will survive
18. —You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
—I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you.
A. wasn't saying B. don't say
C. won't say D. didn't say
19. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn't written B. doesn't write
C. won't write D. hadn't written
【常用单词积累】
重点词语讲解
1、fix 除了在本单元中的重点意思外，它还有其它意思。翻释下列各句，注意 fix 的译法。
(1) They fixed the boards on the stage.
(2) They fixed the pole firmly in the ground.
(3) Fix this sentence in your mind.
(4) He fixed his eyes on the picture.
(5) The stranger fixed our attention.
(6) I was asked to fix the radio. 参考答案： (1)他们把几块板子固定在舞台上。
(2)他们把这杆牢牢地插在地上。
(3)把这句子牢记在心中。
(4)他盯着这张画。
(5)这陌生人吸引了我们的注意力。
(6)有人请我修理收音机。
2. 有关 word 短语：
have a word with sb. 同某人说话
have words with sb. 同某人吵架，争论
say a good word for sb. 为某人说好话
weigh one's word 推敲，斟酌字句
receive word 接到消息 eat one's words 收回前言，为说错话而道歉
break one's word 失信，食言
leave word 留言 send word 捎信儿，转告
multiply words 废话连篇
in a (one) word 简而言之，总之
in other words 换句话说
in word 口头上，表面上
重点词语辨析
1．for sale／on sale
这两个短语都作“出售”解。
for sale 常指个人，或特指的某些东西的销售，常译成“待售”。
on sale 常指商店出售某些东西可译成“上市”；另外 on sale 还有“削价出售”的意思。
(1) There are some apples ________ in that shop．
(2) I got this hat ________ ；it was very cheap．
(3) All the pictures in this exhibition are _______.
(4) The sign on that house says“________”；shall we find out the price?
(5) Will the new product be ________ as early as next month?
2．a second／the second
second 为序数词其前如果加定冠词 the，意为“第二”，其前如果加不定冠词 a，则意为“另一，再一”。
(1) Tom is ________ son；he has an elder brother．
(2) This fellow seems to think he's ________ Napoleon．
(3) You will need ________ pair of shoes for a change．
(4) ________ day of the week is Monday．
(5)“you”is _________ person pronoun．
【单元口语交际】
Apology and responding to apologies 常用句型： 1．表示道歉用语：(Apology)
I'm sorry about／for 或 that-clause...
I apologize for...
Please excuse me．
I didn't mean...
Please forgive me．
2．回答表示道歉句的应答：
That's OK／all right
Never mind．
It's not important．
That's nothing．
Don't worry about that．
口语示范
例1：—I'm sorry to trouble you．
—That's all right／It's no trouble at all．
—对不起麻烦您了。
—点也不麻烦。
例2：—Sorry for breaking your glass．
—That's nothing．／Never mind．
—对不起打碎您的杯子了。
—没关系。
例3：—Please forgive me for having lost your letter．
—Don't worry about that．／Don't let it worry about．
—请原谅把您的信丢了。
—不要为此不安。
例4:—Please excuse me for taking up so much of your time.
—Never mind about that.
—请原谅我占用了你那么我时间。
—不必对此介意。
练习：
1. —I'm sorry to take your umbrella by mistake. —________.
A. You are welcome B. Nothing serious C. That's right D. It doesn't matter
2. —I'm sorry, but I can't come to the party.
—________, We'll miss you.
A. It doesn't matter B. Oh, what a shame C. It's nothing D. I'm sorry to hear that
3. —I can't tell exactly why he is absent. Perhaps he is ill.
—He is ill? ________.
A. It is too bad B. Take it away C. I'm sorry to hear that D. Don't worry
4. —You are late again, Mary.
—________.
A. Yes, I am B. Excuse me C. It's a pity D. Sorry
5. —I was prevented from going to the football match. I should have gone to it with you.
— ________ It was a close game.
A. What a pity B. Never mind C. That's terrible D. I'm sorry
【拓展延伸探究】
技能训练
学习如何写“道歉信” ( A letter of Apology)
本单元写作练习是写一封道歉信。这类信件一般包括三个部分：
1.道歉 (apologizing)
2.叙述原因或问题 (reason/problem)
3.后果及解决办法 ( consequence & offer of solution)
请读范文：
Dear John,
I'm very sorry that I could meet you last night, last night I was out shopping and didn't come back till very late. The next morning my mother told me that a friend of mine had called at supper time the day before saying that he was invited to supper.
I did talk about asking you to supper, but I don't think I fixed a date. This caused some misunderstanding for which I must apologize to you. I will invite you some other time, a time that will suit both of us. Let's fix it when we meet next Thursday.
Yours, Jane
能力培养 阅读——文章结构分析 请阅读下面短文，注意文章的结构：
Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services. People use money to buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things they need or want. When they work, they usually get paid in money. Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. But people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells. Shells were not the only things used as money. In China, cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands, rice was used as money for a long time. Elephant tusks, monkey tails, and salt were used as money in parts of Africa. Cattle were one of the earliest kinds of money. Other animals were used as money, too. The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. People strung them together and carried them from place to place. Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. The first coins in England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money. Later, countries began to make coins of gold and silver.
But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. They began to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today. Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today.
1. Rice was used as money for a long time ________. A. in an European country B. in parts of Africa C. in ancient China D. in the Philippine Island 2. The word “strung” in this article probably means ________. A. tied B. came C. carried D. selected
3. People began to use paper money because they ________.
A. wanted to buy expensive goods B. wanted to save gold
C. found it more valuable D. found it more convenient
4. Coins in different countries are made of ________.
A. different metals but of the same design B. the same metals but of the different design
C. different metals and of different design D. the same metals and of the same design
5. The best title for this article is _________.
A. How many Kinds of Money Are There In The World B. Why People Began to Use Paper Money
C. Money in Different Countries D. The History Of Money
【课本习题解答】 Lesson 31 2. vocabulary
该练习训练学生查字典的能力。查字典时要：
1．看字典的使用说明； 2．按字母顺序查找； 3．要根据音标正确发音； 4．注意词性； 5．根据英文释义，结合上下文内容，确定其中释义。
3. Practice
过去时与一般过去时
1. Fell;cut 2. was combing;opened 3. jumped; fell;hurt 4. returned;scolded 5. was arguing;burst 6. saw; hid 7. were having; put; went 8. tired; were playing 9. saw; was; dropped; was carrying 4. practice 一般过去时的被动语态。 1. She was bitten on the shoulder by a wild horse.
2. The cushions were filled with duck feathers.
3. The fan in the study was repaired.
4. The captain was shaved by the cook every day.
5. Cushions were supplied for people to sit on.
6. Clean clothes were given out to the children.
5. practice
一般过去时和过去完成时
1. Had just finished;knocked 2. Went; had already taken 3. Tired; found; were 4. Had finished 5. Had been;knew 6. Had... seen
Lesson 32
2. practice
一自然段 has changed/is changing; am going to take; will be; had; would happen/was goning to happen; will get; is; being; pleases
第二自然段 has got; was; gave; was; was; had ever had; caught; found; meant; was; worked; made;
第三自然段 left; was; managed; would sail; was; had... been; was; was; remember; were sailing; was raining; could; was; might; did not do; reached
3. writing
July 8th
Dear Zhang Hua,
last night I was out shopping and didn't come hack till very late. The next morning my mother told me that a friend of mine had called at supper time the day before saying that she was invited to supper.
I did talk about asking you to supper, but I don't think I fixed a date. This caused some misunderstanding for which I must apologize to you. I will invite you some other time, time that will suit both of us. Let's fix it when we meet next Thursday.
Yours,
John
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